Instructions

Course-Based Comprehensive Pre Assessment

Module Outline

1. Understanding Health Systems

1.1 Overview of Health Systems

1.2 What Makes a Health System Truly Effective?

1.3 What Makes a Health System Efficient?

1.4 Difference Between and Effective and Efficient Health System

2. WHO Health System Building Blocks

2.1 Frameworks for Understanding Health Systems

2.2 Building Blocks of a Resilient Health System (WHO Approach)

2.3 Limitations of the WHO Building Block Framework

3. Financing Models of Health Systems

3.1 Health Financing Models and Their Comparison

3.2 Understanding Out-of-Pocket Spending

4. Overview of India’s Health System

4.1 Leadership & Governance

4.2 Health Workforce

4.3 Health Information Systems

4.4 Medical Products, Vaccines & Technologies

4.5 Health Financing

4.6 Service Delivery

4.7 Integration & Intersectoral Coordination

4.8 Indigenous & AYUSH Systems

Module Outline

1. Key Governance and Health Policy Reforms in India

1.2. National Health Mission (NHM): Rural and Urban Components

1.3. Ayushman Bharat: PM-JAY and Health & Wellness Centres (HWCs)/Ayushman Arogya Mandir (AAMs)

1.4. Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)

1.5. Community Engagement Mechanisms: VHSNCs, MAS, RKS, and JAS

2. Reforms in Human Resources for Health

3. Infrastructure and Quality Improvement Standards

3.2. National Quality Assurance Standards (NQAS): Quality Domains and Certification

3.3. Kayakalp Initiative: Cleanliness, Hygiene and Facility Management

3.4. Comparative Frameworks: Aligning IPHS, NQAS and Kayakalp

4. Health Financing and Strategic Purchasing

4.2. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): Case Examples from States

4.3. Role of the Finance Commission in Health Sector Strengthening

4.4. Decentralized Financing Models: Kerala and Beyond

5. Technology-Driven Innovations in Healthcare

Module Outline

1. Community Engagement

1.1. Why is Community Engagement Important?

1.2. WHO’s Levels of Community Engagement

1.3. Role of Elected Leaders in Community Participation

2. Service Delivery Enhancements

2.1. Lessons from Ayushman Arogya Mandirs

2.2. Ethical AI Use in Service Delivery

2.3. Drone-Based Delivery Systems: i-Drone and Other Innovations

3. Data-Driven Decisions

3.1. Using Health Information Systems Effectively

3.2. Electronic Health Records

3.3. Data-Driven Decision Making in Public Health

4. Leadership Role of Medical Professionals in Health Systems

Module Outline

1. Promise and Problems in Implementation

1.2. Examples of problems

2. How Implementation Research Lives Up to the Promise

2.1. Example of Home Management of Malaria

2.2. What This Example Demonstrates About Implementation Research

3. Concepts and Scope of Implementation Research

3.1. What Implementation Research Addresses

3.2. Three phases of IR

3.3. Where IR Fits in the Research Landscape

3.4. Key Features of Implementation Research

3.5. Challenges with IR

3.6. Importance of IR

Module Outline

1. Understanding the Influence of Settings and Context on Implementation and Conducting Needs Assessments

2. Methods and Data Sources for Identifying IR Needs at Local Level

2.1. Document Review

2.2. Stakeholder Engagement

2.3. Observations in Facilities and Communities

2.4. Additional Sources

2.5. Triangulation and Practical Considerations

3. Prioritizing and Framing Contextually Relevant Implementation Research (IR) Question

4. Practical Examples of IR Needs Assessments from Different Settings

Module Outline

1. What Is an Implementation Strategy?

1.2. Real-Life Public Health Example: Bed Net Delivery in India

1.3. Definitions of Implementation Strategies

1.4. Types of Implementation Strategies

1.5. Categorisation by Actors

1.6. Key Dimensions for Specifying Strategies

2. Justifying the Choice of An Implementation Strategy

2.2. Importance of Justification in Implementation Research

2.3. Identifying Needs, Barriers, and Facilitators

2.4. Tools for Identifying Barriers

2.5. Approaches to Strategy Justification

2.6. Applied Examples

2.7. Recent Methods for Selecting Implementation Strategies

3A. Research Designs for Implementation Strategies

3B. Choosing an Implementation Research Design

Module Outline

1. Distinguishing Efficacy from Implementation Effectiveness

1.2. Key Concepts

1.3. Why Effective Interventions Don’t Always Improve Population Health

1.4. What Are Implementation Research Outcomes (IROs)?

1.5. Where IROs Fit in the Impact Pathway

2. Examples of Implementation Research Outcomes

3. Measuring Implementation Research Outcomes (IROs)

3.1. Defining and Operationalising IROs

3.2. Data Collection for IROs

3.3. Latent Variables and Scale Development

Module Outline

1. Implementation Research in Practice: India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI)

1.2. Implementation Strategy and Research Approaches in IHCI

1.3. Key Operational Learning, Scale-Up and Adaptations

2. Scaling Up Implementation Strategies: Lessons from the India Hypertension Control Initiative (IHCI)

2.2. Why IHCI Scaled Up Quickly: Implementation Research Contributions

2.3. Scale-Up Implementation Challenges and Continued Learning

Course-Based Comprehensive Post Assessment